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Sinorhizobium meliloti
''Sinorhizobium meliloti'' is a Gram-negative nitrogen-fixing bacterium (rhizobium). It forms a symbiotic relationship with legumes from the genera ''Medicago'', ''Melilotus'' and ''Trigonella'', including the model legume ''Medicago truncatula''. This symbiosis results in a new plant organ termed a root nodule. The ''S. meliloti'' genome contains three replicons: a chromosome (~3.7 megabases) and two chromids, pSymA (~1.4 megabases) and pSymB (~1.7 megabases). Five ''S. meliloti'' genomes have been sequenced to date: Rm1021, AK83, BL225C,〔 Rm41,〔The sequence hasn't been officially announced, but is available at NCBI: (chromosome ), (pSymA ), (pSymB ), and (pRM41a ).〕 and SM11〔
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Nitrogen fixation by ''S meliloti'' is interfered with by the plastic modifier bisphenol A.
== Symbiosis ==
The symbiosis between ''S. meliloti'' and its plant hosts begins when the plant secretes an array of betaines and flavonoids into the rhizosphere: 4,4′-dihydroxy-2′-methoxychalcone,〔 chrysoeriol, cynaroside,〔 4′,7-dihydroxyflavone,〔 6′′-O-malonylononin, liquiritigenin, luteolin, 3′,5-dimethoxyluteolin,〔 5-methoxyluteolin,〔 medicarpin,〔 stachydrine, and trigonelline.〔 These compounds attract ''S. meliloti'' to the surface of the root hairs of the plant where the bacteria begin secreting nod factor.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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